CENTER FOR THE ART OF EAST ASIA
DIGITAL COLLECTIONS

Tianlongshan Caves

The Buddhist cave temples in Tianlongshan (“Heavenly Dragon Mountain”) were created during the Eastern Wei (534-550 C.E.), Northern Qi (550-577 C.E.), and Sui (581-618 C.E.) dynasty. Many of the sculptures from the caves are now in museums around the world. The Tianlongshan Caves collection focuses on the caves and their dispersed Buddhist sculptures.
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Guardian Head
  • Title Translation: 天王、护法力士头
  • Period: Sui, 581-618 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This head is from a guardian figure in the porch of Cave 8.
581 - 618

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: is from a freestanding figure that was outside of the niche on the north wall of Cave 16.
550 - 577

Buddha Head
  • Title Translation: 佛头
  • Period: Sui, 581-618 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head is believed to be from Cave 8.
581 - 618

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The bodhisattva head is from the north wall of Cave 3.
534 - 550

Buddha Hand
  • Title Translation: 佛手
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The Buddha's hand, held in the varadamudra gesture of charity, appears to be from the north wall of Cave 16.
550 - 577

Disciple Head
  • Title Translation: 弟子头
  • Period: Sui, 581-618 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The shaven head of a youthful disciple is from the north wall of Cave 8.
581 - 618

Buddha Head
  • Title Translation: 佛头
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This Buddha head, previously exhibited at the Tokyo National Museum, is from the north wall of Cave 16.
550 - 577

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head and jewelry are very similar to those of a seated figure once located on the north wall of Cave 17.
618 - 907

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head is believed to be from the east wall of Cave 4.
618 - 907

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head is believed to be from a standing figure on the west wall of Cave 17.
618 - 907

Buddha Head
  • Title Translation: 佛头
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This head is that of the Buddha seated in the north wall niche of Cave 1.
550 - 577

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: Yamanaka and Co formerly owned this head from Cave 17.
618 - 907

Guardian Standing
  • Title Translation: 天王、护法力士立像
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The figure is from the south wall west side of Cave 10. Its head is not original.
550 - 577

Buddha Head
  • Title Translation: 佛头
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This Buddha head appears to be one of the earliest sculptures at Tianlongshan and can be assigned to Cave 3.
534 - 550

Disciple Head
  • Title Translation: 弟子头
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This head of a youthful disciple is believed to be from Cave 16.
550 - 577

Buddha Head
  • Title Translation: 佛头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The cave from which this head originated has not been identified.
618 - 907

Disciple Head
  • Title Translation: 弟子头
  • Period: Sui, 581-618 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This head of a disciple is believed to be from a niche in the central pillar of Cave 8.
581 - 618

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head is believed to be from a seated bodhisattva on the east wall of Cave 18.
618 - 907

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This head is believed to be from the seated bodhisattva on the north wall, east side, Cave 18.
618 - 907

Bodhisattva Standing
  • Title Translation: 立菩萨
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The sculpture is believed to have been taken from the east wall of Cave 18.
618 - 907

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head with its ornate crown is from Cave 16.
550 - 577

Disciple Head
  • Title Translation: 弟子头
  • Period: Sui, 581-618 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This head of an elderly disciple was originally in from Cave 8.
581 - 618

Bodhisattva Standing
  • Title Translation: 立菩萨
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The bodhisattva stands with right hand raised holding something with the thumb and forefinger.
618 - 907

Guardian Head
  • Title Translation: 天王、护法力士头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The guardian head is from an unknown location.
618 - 907

Bodhisattva Head
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This head, whose current location is unknown, is believed to be the original head of the standing bodhisattva in the Asian Art Museum, San Francisco.
618 - 907