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204 model
River Spirit King, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 河灵王 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Pratyekabuddha Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 辟支(缘觉)佛头 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Monster Kneeling, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 跪鬼神 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Disciple Ananda Standing, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 弟子阿难立像 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Wanfo Pavilion (Wanfoge, Ten Thousand Buddhas Pavilion), 3D reconstruction
  • Title Translation: 万佛阁 , 3D重建
  • Period: Ming, c. 1444 C.E.
  • Project: Beijing Zhihua Temple
  • Work Description: The upper level of Rulai Hall is the Wanfo Pavilion (Ten Thousand Buddhas Pavilion), which is a smaller 3-bay-by-3-bay structure. The Pavilion features the “Three Bodies of the Buddha” (sanshen fo), with Buddha Vairocana at the center accompanied by Śākyamuni to its left and Rocana Buddha (Luzhena fao) to its right. While the lower-level ceiling is flat, consisting of square panels (tianhua), the ceiling on the second level features a magnificent coffered ceiling (zaojing), now installed in the Chinese gallery of the Nelson Atkins Museum of Art. Rulai Hall and Wanfo Pavilion together form the religious center of the temple.
1444

Coffered Ceiling from Zhihua Hall (Zhihuadian, Hall of Transforming Wisdom), 3D model
  • Title Translation: 智化殿天花与藻井 , 3D模型
  • Period: Ming, c. 1444 C.E.
  • Project: Beijing Zhihua Temple
  • Work Description: The Zhihua monastery is one of the great Buddhist temple compounds in the Chinese capital of Beijing. Conceived on a grand scale, the compound was built in the early 1400s by the eunuch Wang Zhen. This ceiling comes from the second of five main halls on the monastery's central axis—the Hall of Great Wisdom.To give visitors a sense of the original context, the Museum installed the ceiling with architectural elements reconstructed from measured drawings made at the original site. In the center is a writhing imperial dragon surrounded by clouds, bracketing, and eight canted panels, each bearing a smaller dragon among clouds. Lotuses, apsaras (Buddhist flying musicians), and other Buddhist religious symbols are carved in the surrounding panels. The Chinese name for this central part of the ceiling is tianjing, or "well of heaven." While most of the original red lacquer is well preserved, much of the rich overlay of gold leaf has been lost.A series of model temples supported by cloud-decorated brackets encompass the central element; within these miniature structures are delicately carved sculptures of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. The remainder of the ceiling consists of square panels painted with stylized lotus flowers that show the influence of Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism). Each bears a character from a North Indian script (called Lantsha by the Tibetans) that symbolically recreates the universe. The model temples and panels may have been added during repairs made in the Kangxi period (1662–1722).
1444

Buddha Seated, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 坐佛 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: One of the finest and best-preserved sculptures from Tianlongshan, this Buddha figure was the principal image in Cave 21.
618 - 907

Buddha Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 佛头 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The torso appears to be from a standing bodhisattva on the east wall of Cave 6.
618 - 907

Bodhisattva Standing, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 立菩萨 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This is an assembled figure whose body and head were taken from Cave 2 and Cave 3 respectively, both dating to the first half of the sixth century.
534 - 550

Guardian Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 天王、护法力士头 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The fierce expression of this head from the entrance to Cave 17 identifies it as a protector of Buddhism.
618 - 907

Bodhisattva Relief, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 菩萨浮雕 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The figure stands in a pose of reverence to the sculpted Buddha and bodhisattvas in the niche on the west wall of Cave 3.
534 - 550

Guardian Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 天王、护法力士头 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head is from a guardian figure on the east side of the entrance porch of Cave 16. It is currently matched with a body of unknown origin.
550 - 577

Flying Divinity, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 飞天 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This heavenly musician from Cave16 plays the sheng, a wind instrument consisting of a cluster of bamboo pipes joined at the bottom.
550 - 577

Bodhisattva Standing, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 立菩萨 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The bodhisattva wears flowing scarves and skirt that emphasize the rounded contours of the body. The head is not original.
618 - 907

Bodhisattva Seated, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 坐菩萨 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The bodhisattva figure is seated in a pose of royal ease, with right leg bent out to the side and with the foot resting on the throne beside the left knee. The head is a modern replacement for the original head, now in the Barnes Foundation Museum.
618 - 907

Buddha Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 佛头 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Sui, 581-618 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head is believed to be from the Sui dynasty cave, Cave 8.
581 - 618

Buddha Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 佛头 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This finely carved head of the Buddha is from the east wall of Cave 18.
618 - 907

Bodhisattva Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Tang, 618-907 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head has a full youthful feminine face with raised arching brows, full cheeks and small mouth. The seated bodhisattva figure from which it was taken still remains on the north wall of Cave 21.
618 - 907

Musician, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 乐伎 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This is the upper part of a musician playing the panpipes that was seated at the base of the Buddha niche on the east wall of Cave 16.
550 - 577

Buddha Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 佛头 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: This head is from the main Buddha image on the north wall of Cave 2.
534 - 550

Bodhisattva Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Eastern Wei, 534-550 C.E.
  • Project: Tianlongshan Caves
  • Work Description: The head appears to be from a standing bodhisattva on the west wall of Cave 2.
534 - 550

Head of Guanyin, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 观音头 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Late Northern Qi to early Sui period, 575–600 C.E.
  • Project: Dispersed Buddhist Sculptures
  • Work Description: The benign, altruistic aspect of Buddhism is expressed in this beautifully sculpted marble head of the bodhisattva Guanyin (Sanskrit: Avalokitesvara). The miniature image of the Buddha known as Amitabha (Amituo), depicted in the crown, is clear indication of the bodhisattva’s identity. Certain features of this head are shared with other Buddhist icons: the concave forehead circle (urna) is an auspicious mark from which wisdom radiates; the elongated earlobes allude to the aristocratic Indian custom of wearing heavy earrings, and thereby to the Buddha’s early life as an Indian prince. This majestic head, which was severed from a monumental standing figure, characterizes the finest sculpture made in far northern China in the late sixth century. The fine-grain white marble from this area was well suited to rounded, smoothly polished surfaces and austere, idealized images. Serene benevolence emanates from Guanyin’s gentle, meditative [removed]somewhat altered by later recutting of the pupils of the eyes). Source: Art Institute of Chicago, CC0 (https://www.artic.edu/artworks/9613/head-of-guanyin)
575

Maitreya Buddha, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 弥勒佛 , 3D 模型
  • Period: Tang dynasty (618–906), 705 C.E.
  • Project: Dispersed Buddhist Sculptures
  • Work Description: Limestone sculpture of Maitreya seated in high relief, dedicated in 705 CE by Yan Zongfeng. The inscription records a dedication for his deceased parents, seven generations of ancestors, and living family members. Source: Art Institute of Chicago, CC0 (https://www.artic.edu/artworks/11690/maitreya-buddha)
705

Bodhisattva Head, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 菩萨头 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577

Monster Squatting, 3D model
  • Title Translation: 蹲鬼神 , 3D模型
  • Period: Northern Qi, 550-577 C.E.
  • Project: Xiangtangshan Caves
550 - 577